Research
What Is Machine Learning? A Plain-English Guide
Machine learning is how computers learn patterns from examples instead of following hand-written rules. Here is how it works, the main types, and where it shows up in daily life.
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Plain-English explainers on the research and technology behind modern AI.
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What Are AI Agents? How They Work and Where They Fall Short
An AI agent is a model that can plan steps and use tools to complete a goal, not just answer a question. Here is what happens under the hood and why supervision still matters.
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How AI Image Generators Work, Explained Simply
Type a sentence, get a picture. Behind that trick is a process that starts with pure noise and gradually shapes it into an image. Here is how it works.
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What Is RAG? Retrieval-Augmented Generation Explained
RAG is the technique that lets an AI assistant answer from your own documents instead of its memory. It is behind most company chatbots and "chat with your files" features.
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Tokens and Context Windows Explained
Two technical terms explain a lot about how AI assistants behave: why they forget, why long documents cost more and why usage limits exist.
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What Is a Large Language Model? A Plain-English Explainer
The technology behind ChatGPT, Claude and Gemini, explained without jargon: how these models learn, why they sound so fluent, and where their limits come from.
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Prompting vs RAG vs Fine-Tuning: How to Customize an AI Model
There are three main ways to make a general AI model work for your specific needs. Choosing the right one saves a lot of time and money.
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Multimodal AI Explained: When AI Can See, Hear and Speak
Today's leading AI models work with images, audio, video and documents, not just text. Here is what "multimodal" means and why it matters.
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What Is AI Alignment? Safety Research Explained
Alignment research asks how to make AI systems reliably do what people intend, and avoid what they do not. Here is an accessible guide to the field.
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Reasoning Models Explained: Why Some AI Thinks Before It Answers
Many AI models can now spend extra time working through a problem before replying. Here is how reasoning models work, when they help and when they are overkill.